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“The 12 ‘Enemies of the Internet’ - Burma, China, Cuba, Egypt, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Vietnam - have all transformed their Internet into an Intranet in order to prevent their population from accessing ‘undesirable’ online information,” Reporters Without Borders said.
“All these countries distinguish themselves not only by their ability to censor online news and information but also by their virtually systematic persecution of troublesome Internet users,” the press freedom organisation said. Reporters Without Borders has placed 10 other governments “under surveillance” for adopting worrying measures that could open the way to abuses. The organisation draws particular attention to Australia and South Korea, where recent measures may endanger online free expression.
“Not only is the Internet more and more controlled, but new forms of censorship are emerging based on the manipulation of information,” Reporters Without Borders said. “Orchestrating the posting of comments on popular websites or organising hacker attacks is also used by repressive regimes to scramble or jam online content.”
A total of 70 cyber-dissidents are currently detained because of what they posted online. China is the world’s biggest prison for cyber-dissidents, followed by Vietnam and Iran.
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A draft law has been under discussion since 2006 that would force all service providers to filter private Internet connections in each home to remove all “inappropriate” content, in the name of the struggle against child pornography, defamation and authorship rights. Communications Minister, Stephen Conroy, confirmed in January 2008 that the law was still planned and that service providers would have to carry out tests before the end of June 2009. However, several points remain unclear as to how the law would be applied. The law does not say who would decide that websites were “inappropriate”. It will not be users who will draw attention to content to be banned. This list is to remain secret. Neither does the law say how the lists will be drawn up of the websites to be blocked, that remain secret, or how a website could be taken off or added to this list.
The draft law was proposed against a background in which anti-terror legislation already allows serious inroads into confidentiality of private correspondence. Since 2001, the law has allowed the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) to intercept any suspicious email and to carry out independent investigations, including in the absence of any prior judicial authorisation.
Australia is one of the democracies operating a strict filtering policy. In 1999, an amendment was put to the Broadcasting Services Act, creating the ACMA, responsible for regulating Internet content. This independent agency has the power to close websites that are the subject of complaints by citizens. Even if it cannot purge the Internet of all “sensitive” content, it can none the less initiate an investigation into the content of websites, without judicial permission. To date authority has blocked 1,300 sites and is targeting some 10,000 others.
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